Interdisciplinary Social Studies

Analysis of Social Media Marketing Capability and Content Marketing Capability on B2B Marketing Performance with Technology Adoption as a Mediating Variable

Fikri Ikhlasul Amal — 2026-07-04

This study aims to analyze the influence of Social Media Marketing Capability and Content Marketing Capability on B2B Marketing Performance with Technology Adoption as a mediating variable in batik MSMEs in Cirebon City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples of 50 respondents was determined through a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling approach. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire with a Likert scale, then analyzed using the path analysis method with the help of AMOS. The results of the study show that Social Media Marketing Capability and Content Marketing Capability have a positive and significant effect on B2B Marketing Performance. In addition, these two variables also have a positive and significant effect on Technology Adoption. Furthermore, Technology Adoption has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on B2B Marketing Performance and acts as a partial mediation variable, especially in the relationship between Content Marketing Capability and marketing performance. The research model also shows a good fit, so that it can explain the relationship between variables optimally.

The Effect of Gamification Marketing and E-Service Quality on Access by KAI User Satisfaction

Serli Serli — 2026-07-04

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed public transportation services through the adoption of digital applications aimed at improving user experience and satisfaction. In the railway transportation sector, the Access by KAI application serves as an important platform that provides ticketing, travel information, and other digital services. To enhance user engagement and satisfaction, gamification marketing and e-service quality have become essential strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of gamification marketing and e-service quality on user satisfaction with the Access by KAI application. This study employed a quantitative associative-causal approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Access by KAI users and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The analysis was conducted to examine the direct effects of gamification marketing and e-service quality on user satisfaction. The results indicate that both gamification marketing and e-service quality have positive and significant effects on user satisfaction. Furthermore, the two variables jointly contribute to improving overall user satisfaction with the application. These findings suggest that engaging gamification features and high-quality electronic services are important factors in creating a positive user experience. In conclusion, the implementation of gamification strategies and continuous improvement of e-service quality play a crucial role in enhancing user satisfaction. The findings provide practical insights for transportation service providers in developing more interactive, user-oriented, and competitive digital applications.

The Influence of E-Service Quality on Repurchase Intention through E-Customer Satisfaction on Shopee Food Application Users in Cirebon City

Siti Amanah — 2026-07-04

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-service quality on repurchase intention through e-customer satisfaction among Shopee Food app users in Cirebon City. The development of app-based food delivery services encourages companies to improve the quality of their digital services to retain customers and increase user loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling method based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS 4 software. The research data were obtained through online questionnaires distributed to 210 respondents who are Shopee Food users and have used the service at least twice in the last three months. Purposive sampling was applied according to research criteria. The findings indicate that e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention and e-customer satisfaction. Moreover, e-customer satisfaction also shows a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. The results further reveal that e-customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between e-service quality and repurchase intention. These findings provide practical implications for digital platforms and culinary MSMEs to enhance application usability, service speed, and transaction security to strengthen customer satisfaction and loyalty in the digital economy ecosystem. This study highlights the mediating role of e-customer satisfaction in the relationship between e-service quality and repurchase intention among Shopee Food users in Cirebon City.

The Influence of Endorsement and Content Marketing and Brand Trust on Customer Loyalty on the Shopee platform

Rudi Sugianto — 2026-07-04

Rapid progress in the field of e-commerce in Indonesia has made competition between platforms increasingly fierce, so consumer loyalty is important for business sustainability. Shopee, as a well-known e-commerce platform in Indonesia, has problems in maintaining buyer loyalty when there are so many marketplace choices. This research was created to examine the effects of endorsements, content marketing, and brand trust on consumer loyalty on the Shopee platform. The research method used is quantitative with a survey method. Data was obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to 135 respondents, namely active Shopee users in Cirebon City, who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using the SmartPLS application. The results of the measurement model test show that all constructs have met the requirements for validity and reliability. The results of the structural model analysis indicate that endorsements have a good and important impact on buyer loyalty. Content marketing also shows a good and important impact on buyer loyalty, with the greatest impact compared to other variables. In addition, brand trust has been proven to have a good and important impact on Shopee user loyalty. A determination coefficient (R²) value of 0.575 indicates that endorsement, content marketing, and brand trust may explain shopper loyalty in the moderate group. The findings of this study show that e-commerce user loyalty is influenced by effective digital marketing communication strategies, supported by relevant content and consumer trust levels in brands.

The Effect of Project-Based Learning in Building Water Rockets on Elementary School Students’ Independent Learning and Critical Thinking

Bun Sarianto — 2026-07-22

The development of 21st-century skills, particularly learning independence and critical thinking, has become an important focus in elementary education. However, many elementary school students still demonstrate limited independence in managing their learning processes and underdeveloped critical thinking skills due to the dominance of conventional teacher-centered learning approaches. Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is considered an effective instructional model because it encourages students to actively construct knowledge through meaningful experiences, problem-solving activities, and real-world projects. This study aimed to examine the effect of water rocket-based Project-Based Learning on elementary school students’ learning independence and critical thinking skills. The research employed a quantitative quasi-experimental method using a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The participants were elementary school students from the Rantasari Cluster, Ajibarang District, with data collected through observation, critical thinking tests, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using prerequisite tests, independent-samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that PjBL through water rocket-making activities significantly improved students’ critical thinking skills (p = 0.023 < 0.05) and learning independence (p = 0.012 < 0.05) compared with conventional learning methods. Furthermore, critical thinking skills and learning independence demonstrated a significant moderate relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.490. These findings indicated that water rocket-based PjBL provided meaningful learning experiences that promoted student autonomy, exploration, collaboration, and higher-order thinking skills. Therefore, PjBL can be recommended as an innovative instructional strategy to strengthen elementary students’ critical thinking and independent learning abilities.

The Application of Diversion for Children as Perpetrators of Criminal Offenses During the Investigation Phase (A Study at the Cirebon City Police Station)

Dea Viqi Alayda Alamsyah — 2026-07-02

This research examines the implementation of diversion in handling juvenile cases at the investigation stage at the Cirebon City Police Department. The increasing involvement of children in criminal offences indicates that punitive approaches are no longer sufficient, making diversion — as a component of restorative justice — an important alternative. Diversion aims to resolve cases outside formal court proceedings while prioritising the best interests of the child and their social recovery. This research employs an empirical legal method with a socio-juridical approach, combining legal analysis with field data. Data were collected through interviews with investigators and supported by relevant legal literature and regulations. The findings reveal that diversion has been applied, though not consistently. Some cases are successfully resolved through diversion, while others proceed to formal judicial processes or are settled at the preliminary stage without formal diversion mechanisms. Several obstacles affect its implementation, including resistance from victims, public perceptions favouring punitive responses, limited understanding of restorative justice among law enforcement officers, and inadequate facilities. In conclusion, the implementation of diversion at the investigation stage remains in a transitional phase toward a fully restorative justice approach. Strengthening institutional capacity, improving public awareness, and enhancing coordination among stakeholders are necessary to ensure the effective application of diversion within the juvenile criminal justice system.

Legal Study on the Development of Leading Tourist Areas to Increase Community Participation

Triwanda Sekar Dewi — 2026-07-22

Tourism development has become an important strategy for regional economic growth and community welfare improvement. However, tourism development often faces challenges related to limited community involvement, weak institutional coordination, and the effectiveness of legal frameworks in ensuring inclusive participation. This study aims to examine the legal aspects of developing leading tourism areas to increase community participation, particularly through the implementation of tourism regulations in Kuningan Regency. This research employed a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were obtained through the analysis of primary legal materials, including tourism laws, regional regulations, and village regulations, supported by secondary legal materials from relevant academic literature. The data were analyzed using the theory of legal effectiveness, focusing on legal factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and infrastructure, and community cultural factors. The results show that the development of leading tourism areas in Kuningan Regency has a strong legal foundation through national, regional, and village-level regulations. The implementation of these regulations has encouraged community participation through community-based tourism management, particularly through the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Cibuntu Tourism Village and Kaduela Tourism Village. However, several challenges remain, especially regarding infrastructure improvement and institutional strengthening. This study concludes that effective legal arrangements supported by institutional capacity and community awareness are essential for creating sustainable tourism development. The findings contribute to tourism governance literature by emphasizing the importance of regulatory effectiveness in strengthening community participation

Visual Storytelling on Instagram by Eco-Print SMEs: Visual Semiotic Analysis and Brand Communication Strategy of Tiva Craft

Ismiyati Hanum — 2026-07-23

The rapid growth of digital platforms has created new opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) to strengthen brand identity through visual communication. Eco-print-based SMEs possess unique visual assets derived from natural materials and handcrafted processes; however, these potentials are often underutilized in social media branding. This study aims to analyze how Tiva Craft’s Instagram content constructs brand narratives through visual storytelling and to develop a strategic framework for strengthening eco-print SME branding. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using Roland Barthes’ visual semiotic analysis. Data were collected from 30 purposively selected Instagram posts from the @tiva_craft account during a one-year observation period. The analysis focused on visual elements, caption narratives, and content patterns at denotative, connotative, and mythological levels. The findings reveal that Tiva Craft’s Instagram content is predominantly oriented toward product documentation, particularly products worn by models during activities and event participation, while content highlighting raw materials, production processes, and product uniqueness remains limited. The visual analysis indicates that existing posts primarily communicate literal product information and have not fully developed deeper brand meanings related to sustainability, craftsmanship, and authenticity. This study proposes a five-dimensional visual storytelling framework consisting of raw materials, creative process, finished products, brand values, and community engagement. The framework can support eco-print SMEs in developing more consistent and meaningful digital brand communication. The study concludes that systematic visual storytelling strategies are essential for transforming eco-print products into distinctive brand narratives on Instagram.

The Role of Consumer Perception in Mediating the Influence of Brand Communication and Brand Credibility on Brand Trust

Indira Wiyana Pramesti — 2026-07-04

The existence of illegal cosmetics circulating in the market and has the potential to reduce consumer confidence in the cosmetics industry in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to measure the extent to which Brand Communication and Brand Credibility affect Brand Trust which is influenced by Consumer Perception as an intervening variable for Pink Flash cosmetic products. This study used a quantitative approach with SEM-PLS analysis techniques. Data was collected from 196 respondents aged 18-25 years in the Ciayumajakuning area. This study tested all hypotheses and obtained positive and significant results. This shows that Brand Trust based on Consumer Perception, both directly and indirectly, occurs due to the positive and significant influence of Brand Communication and Brand Credibility. Brand Credibility is the variable that has the most impact on consumer perception and trust with a value (O=0.700). Thus, the synergy between clear communication and solid trust is an important step to maintain trust in security-sensitive situations.

The Influence of Personality and Emotional Intelligence on Burnout and Its Implications for Employee Performance at PT Cirebon Hotel

Difani Nazwa Fadilah — 2026-07-02

This study aims to investigate the influence of personality and emotional intelligence on burnout and its implications for employee performance at PT Cirebon Hotel and Convention (The Luxton Cirebon). The research is grounded in the high emotional pressure and job demands characteristic of the hospitality sector, which can contribute to burnout and diminish employee performance. The methodology employed is a quantitative approach with a causal-associative design. The population of this study consists of 250 employees, with a sample of 154 respondents determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire employing a Likert scale and subsequently analyzed using path analysis with SPSS software. The findings indicate that personality and emotional intelligence exert a significant negative influence on burnout. Furthermore, personality and emotional intelligence contribute significantly and positively to employee performance, while burnout exerts a significant negative effect on performance. This study also reveals that burnout functions as a mediating variable in the relationship between personality and emotional intelligence and employee performance. The results of this study offer a theoretical contribution to the development of organizational behavior research, as well as practical implications for hotel management in achieving sustainable human resource management.

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy on Job Satisfaction in PT Gong Muke Craft Employees

Nur Fahdila — 2026-07-04

Job satisfaction serves as a critical determinant of workforce performance and loyalty, particularly within labor-intensive industries characterized by repetitive tasks and emotional demands. This study examines the influence of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on job satisfaction among employees of PT Gong Muke Craft, a rattan craft manufacturing company in Indonesia. Grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, this research addresses a notable gap in understanding psychological factors affecting manual craft workers, a population distinct from those in formal service or educational sectors. Employing a quantitative approach with causal associative design, data were collected through census sampling from 110 employees using validated questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional intelligence exerted a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction (B = 0.166, p = 0.018), whereas self-efficacy demonstrated no significant partial influence (B = 0.103, p = 0.181). Nonetheless, both variables collectively contributed significantly to job satisfaction (F = 10.460, p = 0.000), explaining 16.4% of the variance. These findings underscore the predominant role of emotional regulation over self-confidence beliefs in shaping job satisfaction within routine-based manual work environments. Practically, this research recommends emotion-focused training interventions to enhance employee wellbeing and reduce turnover intentions in craft industries.

The Effect of Low Insurance Literacy and Service Levels through Technological Innovation on Digital Business Performance at PT. Asuransi Tri Pakarta

Teguh Pambudi — 2026-07-08

The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of low insurance literacy and service level on digital business performance with technological innovation as a mediating variable. The research method employed was a descriptive quantitative approach using Stata. A sample of 210 respondents from customers of PT. Asuransi Tri Pakarta was utilized. The findings indicated that: 1) there is a direct effect of insurance literacy on digital business performance, 2) there is a direct effect of service levels on digital business performance, 3) a direct effect of technological innovation on digital business performance was found, 4) there is a direct effect of insurance literacy on technological innovation, 5) there is a direct effect of service levels on technological innovation, 6) an indirect effect of insurance literacy on digital business performance through technological innovation was identified, and 7) an indirect effect of service levels on digital business performance through technological innovation was also found. Thus, it can be concluded that both direct and indirect effects contribute to the success of this research.

The Effect of Debt-to-Equity Ratio and Current Ratio on Stock Price with Earnings per Share as an Intervening Variable in Garment and Textile Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 Period

Irbah Qurrotu’aeni — 2026-07-04

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Current Ratio (CR) on stock prices, with Earnings per Share (EPS) as an intervening variable, in garment and textile subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period. This study employs an associative quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from financial statements and stock price records. The research sample consisted of 10 companies selected through purposive sampling, yielding a total of 50 units of research data. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis in SPSS, with mediation testing performed using the Sobel test. The results indicate that the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) has no significant effect on Earnings per Share (EPS), whereas the Current Ratio (CR) has a significant effect on Earnings per Share (EPS). Earnings per Share (EPS) has no significant effect on stock price. Both the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and the Current Ratio (CR) significantly affect stock price. The results of the Sobel test show that Earnings per Share (EPS) does not mediate the effect of the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) on stock price but does mediate the effect of the Current Ratio (CR) on stock price. This study concludes that a company's liquidity plays an important role in the formation of stock prices, both directly and through earnings per share, whereas capital structure exerts a direct effect without the mediating role of profitability.

The Role of Influencer Marketing and E-Word of Mouth on Raecca's Product Purchase Decisions

Mayla Azahra — 2026-07-08

The development of digital marketing encourages companies to utilize Influencer Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) strategies to influence consumer purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze the influence of Influencer Marketing and E-WOM on Raecca product purchase decisions. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 143 respondents who were consumers of Raecca products and met the research criteria. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study show that Influencer Marketing has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Raecca products. Meanwhile, Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) also has a positive effect on Purchase Decisions, even though the level of significance is at the tolerance limit. Simultaneously, Influencer Marketing and E-WOM have been proven to have a significant influence on Purchase Decisions. The value of the determination coefficient showed that both independent variables were able to explain most of the variation in the Purchase Decision, while the rest were influenced by other factors outside the research model. The findings of this study confirm the importance of the role of Influencer Marketing and E-WOM as digital marketing strategies in shaping consumer purchasing decisions. The results of the research are expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of marketing science and become practical considerations for companies in designing more effective digital marketing strategies.

Analysis of The Management of State-Owned Assets Using The Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance (GRMC) Approach and Soft Systems Methodology: A Case Study of The Secretariat General of The House of Representatives of The Republic of Indonesia

Okki Carolina Darmawan — 2026-07-20

State Property Administration (BMN) is a crucial process in managing state assets to support accountability, transparency, and organizational decision-making. Despite various regulations, the Audit Board (BPK) findings reveal recurring BMN administration problems within the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, including unlabeled assets, missing assets, and disorganized updates of the Room Goods Inventory (DBR). This study aims to identify the root causes of suboptimal BMN administration and formulate implementable improvement recommendations. The research used a qualitative approach with case study methods and Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance (GRC) analysis frameworks integrated with Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Data was obtained through documentation studies of audit reports, regulations, and internal documents, as well as semi-structured interviews with parties involved in BMN management. The results of the study show that the problems of BMN administration are systemic and are influenced by interrelated aspects of governance, risk management, and compliance. Key findings include suboptimal supervision and coordination between units, limited resources in the implementation of asset inventory and labeling, and suboptimal use of control mechanisms in the administration process. Based on the results of the analysis, the study recommends strengthening governance, improving internal control, developing BMN management competencies, optimizing information systems, and implementing risk management in a more structured manner to increase the effectiveness of BMN administration within the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia.

Analysis of Tax Disputes in Sales Transactions Involving Special Relationships in the Palm Oil Industry: A Case Study of Appeal Decisions from 2021 to 2025

Arummalinda — 2026-07-23

Transfer pricing disputes in related-party sales transactions remain a significant tax issue, particularly in the palm oil industry, which plays an important role in Indonesia’s economy. The complexity of determining arm’s length prices, differences in comparative data sources, and varying interpretations between taxpayers and tax authorities often lead to prolonged disputes before the Tax Court. This study aims to identify the factors causing tax disputes in sales transactions involving special relationships in the palm oil industry and to provide recommendations for minimizing similar disputes in the future. This research employed a qualitative approach using a comparative case study design. Data were obtained from 16 Tax Court appeal decisions issued between 2021 and 2025, supported by relevant regulations and semi-structured interviews with tax experts and practitioners. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis, thematic analysis, Fishbone Diagram, and the 5 Whys root cause analysis technique. The results indicate that tax disputes are primarily caused by five interconnected factors: methodology, comparative data, documentation, consistency of corrections, and regulation. The findings show that 87.5% of the analyzed decisions were fully won by taxpayers, indicating weaknesses in the evidentiary basis of tax corrections. The main root causes include the absence of a hierarchy of commodity price references, inconsistent transfer pricing methodologies, and inadequate technical guidance. This study concludes that reducing transfer pricing disputes requires improvements in regulatory certainty, audit quality, taxpayer documentation, and the development of standardized commodity price databases.

Optimizing Job Satisfaction Through Financial Compensation and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

Sidiq Abdullah — 2026-07-02

Within the domain of human resource management, employee job satisfaction constitutes a fundamental element, as it directly enhances organizational effectiveness and sustainability. This study investigates the impact of financial compensations and occupational safety and health (OSH) on job satisfaction. A survey instrument that completed thorough validity and reliability evaluations was used to gather data from 100 participants utilizing a quantitative research methodology. With a coefficient of 0.459, a t-value of 6.520, and a significance level of 0.000, the use of multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that financial compensation considerably and favorably effects job satisfaction. Similarly, occupational safety and health exhibited a significant positive impact, marked by a coefficient of 0.268, a t-value of 4.317, and a significance level of 0.000. The joint significance test yielded an F-statistic of 52.596 (significance level 0.000), validating that the independent variables collectively affect employee satisfaction. Consequently, these outcomes underscore the criticality of integrating competitive financial packages with robust safety protocols to maximize overall job satisfaction.

The Influence of Product Innovation on Marketing Performance through Competitive Advantage in Rattan MSMEs in Cirebon Regency

Yuli Indriyani — 2026-07-04

Rattan MSMEs in Cirebon Regency play a significant role in supporting Indonesia’s handicraft industry and contributing to national export performance. However, increasing global competition, changing consumer preferences, and market uncertainty continue to challenge the ability of these enterprises to maintain sustainable marketing performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of product innovation on marketing performance with competitive advantage as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a causal associative research design was employed. The study involved 102 rattan MSMEs selected from a population of 136 business units using the Slovin sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on both competitive advantage and marketing performance. In addition, competitive advantage significantly influences marketing performance and serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between product innovation and marketing performance. These results suggest that continuous product innovation can strengthen the competitive position of rattan MSMEs, which in turn improves their marketing performance. The study provides practical implications for MSME managers in developing innovation-driven strategies to achieve sustainable competitiveness and business growth.

Netflix’s Glocalization Strategy in Framing Instagram Content in Indonesia and Australia

Nadiatul Aulia — 2026-07-08

Everything has to adapt if it wants to survive. Social media is also the same. If observed, brands today make various efforts in building and conveying messages to customers across all cultures. This study examines how Netflix adapts its Instagram communication in Indonesia and Australia while maintaining a consistent global brand identity. Using a qualitative content analysis of Instagram posts from @NetflixID and @NetflixANZ promoting Bridgerton Season 4, this study applied Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the concept of glocalization as analytical frameworks. The findings show that Netflix employed the same global visual promotional assets across both accounts but adapts message delivery through language choice and caption style. The Indonesian account uses a more narrative and expressive caption style, whereas the Australian account adopts a more concise and thematic approach. These differences indicate that glocalization is implemented at the level of communication rather than visual content and reflect Netflix’s adaptation to culturally shaped patterns of digital consumer behavior. This study highlights the importance of culturally responsive communication strategies in global brand communication on social media.

The Effect of Live Streaming and Interactive Content on Purchase Interest TikTok Shop

Sri Dewi Susilawati — 2026-07-04

This study aims to analyze the influence of live streaming on consumer buying interest in the TikTok Shop application. The problem behind this research is the increasingly massive use of live streaming features as a marketing strategy in social commerce, but its effectiveness in encouraging consumer buying interest still needs to be proven empirically. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population was TikTok Shop users who had watched sales live streams, with sample determination using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through a questionnaire based on the Likert scale and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the help of the SmartPLS application. The results of the study show that live streaming has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest. This shows that real-time interaction, direct delivery of product information, and visual appeal in live streaming can increase consumer interest and desire to make purchases. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that live streaming is an effective digital marketing strategy in increasing consumer buying interest on TikTok Shop. Therefore, business actors are advised to optimize the quality of content and interaction in live streaming to improve sales performance.

The Effect of Using Google Maps on Spatial Literacy Skills in Disaster Mitigation Materials in Geography Classes: An Experimental Study on Grade 11 Students at Jeruklegi State Senior High School 1

Agus Supriyanto — 2026-07-20

This research is motivated by the low level of spatial literacy of students and the limited use of technology-based interactive learning media in geography learning, especially in disaster mitigation materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the use of Google Maps on students' spatial literacy skills in disaster mitigation materials in geography learning at State of Senior High School 1 Jeruklegi. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes: an experimental class that received inquiry-based learning assisted by Google Maps, and a control class that received conventional learning without the use of the media. Data were collected through spatial literacy tests and student response questionnaires. The results indicate that there is a difference in the improvement of spatial literacy skills between the experimental and control classes. The use of Google Maps has a significant effect on enhancing students’ spatial literacy, particularly in terms of understanding spatial concepts, using spatial representation tools, and reasoning and analyzing spatial relationships. Therefore, the use of geospatial technology-based learning media such as Google Maps can serve as an innovative alternative to improve the quality of geography learning, especially in disaster mitigation materials.

Law Enforcement Regarding Criminal Offenses Involving Online Gambling Committed by Minors

Akmal Syaefulloh — 2026-07-02

The increasing involvement of young people in illegal online gambling is facilitated by the rapid advancement of information technology. Children, who should be focusing on their education and personal development, are easily drawn into online gambling due to a lack of parental guidance, limited understanding of digital tools, and financial pressures that drive them to seek quick money. This research aims to determine how the law is enforced against child perpetrators of online gambling and to identify the factors that drive such behaviour. The study employs a qualitative approach with a focus on actual legal practices in the Cirebon area. Data were collected through interviews with the Cirebon City Police, document review, and analysis of primary and secondary legal sources. The findings indicate that a solid legal framework exists for handling child perpetrators of online gambling under the applicable laws, and that the police have endeavoured to comply with the procedures established by the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. However, challenges persist in law enforcement, including a lack of expertise in digital forensics, limited use of artificial intelligence technology for early detection, and insufficient digital literacy among the public. The factors driving children toward online gambling can be categorised into three main areas: financial pressures generating economic motives, the desire for instant rewards driven by psychological factors, and family dysfunction resulting from inadequate parental attention and supervision. The research concludes that an effective response requires a combined approach encompassing not only firm law enforcement action, but also preventive measures such as economic support for families and the improvement of digital literacy.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Utilization in Respiratory Tract Infections Using ATC/DDD and Gyssens Methods

Samirah Samirah — 2026-07-20

Respiratory tract infections affect both the upper and lower respiratory tract and remain a major global health problem, with pneumonia prevalence reaching around 23% across all age groups. The high incidence often leads to increased antibiotic use, which may contribute to antimicrobial resistance if used inappropriately. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are essential to monitor and optimize antibiotic use in hospitals. This study aimed to analyze antibiotic utilization in patients with respiratory tract infections using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) method and the Gyssens method at Dr. Soedarso Regional General Hospital, Pontianak. A prospective observational study was conducted using medical record data of 248 inpatients aged ?18 years who received antibiotic therapy during January–December 2023. The results showed that most patients were male (62.9%). Quantitative analysis indicated that Ceftriaxone and Levofloxacin were the most frequently used antibiotics based on DDD/100 patient-days. Qualitative evaluation using the Gyssens method revealed that most antibiotic use was appropriate, although some cases still showed inappropriate indications, duration, alternative therapy selection, and timing of administration.

The Challenge of Diagnosing Asymptomatic Malaria During the Elimination Phase: An Implications for the Sensitivity of Laboratory Methods and Surveillance Strategies in Indonesia

Nurul Amalia — 2026-07-23

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly during the elimination phase, where asymptomatic and sub microscopic infections become major obstacles to interrupting transmission. Individuals with asymptomatic malaria often do not seek treatment but may serve as hidden reservoirs that sustain parasite circulation in endemic communities. Conventional diagnostic methods, including microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), have limited sensitivity in detecting infections with low parasite density, creating challenges for accurate surveillance and case management. This study aims to analyze the challenges of diagnosing asymptomatic malaria, compare the sensitivity of available laboratory methods, and evaluate their implications for malaria elimination strategies in Indonesia. This study employed a literature review with an analytical-critical approach by reviewing scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The reviewed studies focused on diagnostic performance comparisons among microscopy, RDT, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The findings indicate that microscopy and RDT have limited sensitivity in detecting sub microscopic infections, whereas molecular methods demonstrate superior diagnostic accuracy, with PCR and qPCR capable of identifying parasite densities below the detection limits of conventional approaches. However, the implementation of molecular diagnostics remains constrained by infrastructure, cost, and human resource limitations. In conclusion, malaria elimination in Indonesia requires an integrated diagnostic strategy combining conventional methods with selective molecular testing, strengthened laboratory capacity, and improved surveillance systems to detect hidden infections and prevent residual transmission.